mouse rat fgf21 quantikine elisa kit  (R&D Systems)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Female resistance to the metabolic benefits of protein restriction is reversed by ovariectomy in mice

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.31.715667

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) ANCOVA of energy expenditure (EE) with body weight as a covariate during the 12-hour dark cycle. (B) Average EE during the dark cycle normalized to body weight. (C) Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) over a 24-hour period. (D) Average RER during the dark cycle. (E) Spontaneous activity over a 24-hour period. (F) Average spontaneous activity during the dark cycle, calculated as laser beam breaks. (G) Circulating FGF21 expression quantified from refed plasma using ELISA. (H) The mRNA expression of Fgf21 in the liver of mice. (A-F) n=11-12 mice per group, (G-H) n=3-5 mice per group. (A) Data for each individual mouse is plotted, simple linear regression (ANCOVA) was calculated to determine if the slopes or elevations are equal. (B, D, F-H) Statistics for the overall effects of diet, gonadectomy, and the interaction represent the p value from a two-way ANOVA. *p<0.05 from a Šidák’s post-test examining the effect of parameters identified as significant in the two-way ANOVA. Data are represented as mean ±SEM. Abbreviations: CTL (21% control protein diet), LP (7% low protein diet), Cast (castration), Fem (female), Ovx (ovariectomy), BW (body weight), EE (energy expenditure), RER (respiratory exchange ratio), FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21).

Article Snippet: Blood for circulating FGF21, testosterone, and estradiol levels was collected from submandibular bleeding immediately prior to euthanasia; plasma was assayed with a mouse/rat FGF21 quantikine ELISA kit (MF2100) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA), and testosterone (582701) and estradiol (501890) quantikine ELISA kits from Caymen Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1797525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of metformin on circulating GDF15 and FGF21. (a) Serum GDF15 (b) and serum FGF21 in healthy individuals fasted for 42 h without (white) and with (black) prior metformin (MET) treatment for seven days. Data is given in mean +/- SEM. #p<0.0001.

Article Snippet: FGF21 was measured on fasting serum samples by the human FGF21 Quantikine ® ELISA assay essentially as described (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1797525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metformin increases mRNA levels of GDF15 in human intestinal Caco-2 cells with no related increase in FGF21. Relative mRNA expression of GDF15, FGF21, SLC2A1 , and the ISR genes ATF4 and DDIT3 in differentiated Caco-2 cells after (a) 6 h or (b) 22 h without treatment (0 mM) or 0.3 mM, 1 mM, or 3 mM metformin treatment at media glucose concentrations of 5.5 mM (c) Raw ct values of GDF15 and FGF21 at 5.5 mM glucose. n = 6-8, 2 wells from 4 independent experiments evaluated in parallel. The data is presented as mean +/- SEM. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001 as indicated.

Article Snippet: FGF21 was measured on fasting serum samples by the human FGF21 Quantikine ® ELISA assay essentially as described (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Metformin increases glycolysis and the stress-induced cytokine GDF15 but not FGF21 in humans

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1797525

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 secretion is increased in Caco-2 cells upon chronic metformin treatment. (a) GDF15 concentration in media collected from non-treated (0 mM) Caco-2 cells kept in media with glucose concentrations of 5.5 mM, 11 mM, or 25 mM or from cells treated with 0.3 mM, 1 mM, or 3 mM metformin at similar glucose concentrations. (b) A schematic representation of metformin-stimulated GDF15 secretion from Caco-2 cells, where FGF21 protein levels were undetectable. n = 8, 2 wells from 4 independent experiments evaluated in parallel. The data is presented as mean +/- SEM. **p<0.01, determined by two-way ANOVA analysis with Dunnett correction. Figure 3b is created in BioRender. Møller, P. (2025) https://BioRender.com/o87c709 .

Article Snippet: FGF21 was measured on fasting serum samples by the human FGF21 Quantikine ® ELISA assay essentially as described (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Inducible Impairment of Polymerase Gamma Activity in Cardiomyocytes Promotes Severe Cardiomyopathy with Cardiac Hepatopathy

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.17.706486

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Immunoblot of phosphorylated and total eIF2α in LV from PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 30 weeks post-Tam (n=5/group), with (B) corresponding densitometry ratio of phosphorylated to total eIF2α. (C) Immunoblot of phosphorylated and total eIF2α was repeated in LV from PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 20, 24 and 28 weeks post-Tam (n=4/group/timepoint) with (D) corresponding densitometry ratios. Expression of genes (qPCR) associated with (E) amino acid and 1-Carbon metabolism, and genes associated with folate metabolism within (F) the mitochondria and (G) the cytosol, in LV from PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 30 weeks post-Tam, (n=9/group). Gene expression was repeated in LV from PolG Mut mice at 20 (n=5), 24 (n=5), and 28 weeks post-Tam (n=6) relative to PolG Con mice at 20 weeks post-Tam (n=5) for (H) amino acid and 1-Carbon metabolism, and genes associated with folate metabolism within (I) the mitochondria and (J) the cytosol. (K) Fgf21 and (L) Gdf15 gene expression (qPCR) in LV from PolG Mut mice at 20 (n=5), 24 (n=5) and 28 (n=6) weeks post-Tam and PolG Con mice at 20 (n=5), 24 (n=5) and 28 (n=5) weeks post-Tam (relative to PolG Con mice at 20 weeks post-Tam). Plasma protein concentration of (M) FGF21 and (N) GDF15 in PolG Mut and PolG Con mice at 3, 9, 13, 17, 20, 24, and 30 weeks post-Tam (FGF21: 3, 9, 13, 17 weeks n=4, 20, 24 weeks n=8, 30 weeks n=7; GDF15: 3, 9, 13, 17, 20, 24 weeks n=8, 30 weeks n=7). Data are presented as mean ± SEM, with P-value between control and mutant biological replicates determined by two-way ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons (H-J: P-value compared with PolG Con mice at 20 weeks post-Tam) , unpaired welch t-test (D, E, G, K, L) or Mann-Whitney test (B, F, M, N) . Source data for these figures are provided in the Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Commercial ELISA kits for FGF21 (R&D Systems, #MF2100) and GDF15 (R&D Systems, #MGD150) were used to measure respective plasma concentration as per manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Gene Expression, Clinical Proteomics, Protein Concentration, Control, Mutagenesis, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 is a novel biomarker of cachexia in chronic liver disease

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1730695

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Comparison of serum FGF21, TNF- α , and IL-6 levels between patients with and without cachexia. (b) Comparison of the proportion of cachexia between patients with high and low serum FGF21 levels in the discovery cohort. (c) Comparison of serum FGF21 levels between patients with and without cachexia in the validation cohort. (d) Comparison of the proportion of cachexia cases between patients with high and low FGF21 levels in the validation cohort. FGF, Fibroblast Growth Factor; TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor; IL, Interleukin.

Article Snippet: The baseline levels of the candidate serum biomarkers, including FGF21, TNF- α , and IL-6, were evaluated using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays according to the manufacturer’s protocols (FGF21 [Catalog #DF2100], TNF-α, and IL-6: R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, United States).

Techniques: Comparison, Biomarker Discovery